List of Tags

22 Feb 2022 - linux

convert -density 150x150 -quality 20 -compress jpeg one.pdf two.pdf

How can I change the resolution of a JPG?

02 Jun 2019 - linux

Open the JPG file using GIMP. Then, open the Image menu and select Scale Image... Next, set the X and Y resolution to the desired resolution and save the file.

How can I convert and combine JPG to PDF?

01 Jun 2019 - linux

convert *.jpg output.pdf

If convert returns a not authorized error, edit /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml and change the PDF rights from none to read|write.

References

https://askubuntu.com/a/1081724

How can I remove MP3 tags?

06 Jun 2018 - linux

id3v2 -D filename.mp3

References

https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/39194

How can I install glog?

31 Jul 2016 - linux

git clone https://github.com/google/glog.git
cd glog
./configure && make
sudo make install
Compile with flag -lglog

References

https://github.com/google/glog

How can I fix docker permission denied?

01 Aug 2015 - linux

Docker may give you the permission deniend error on Linux:

$ docker run busybox date
2015/08/01 15:37:42 Post
http:///var/run/docker.sock/v1.12/containers/create: dial unix
/var/run/docker.sock: permission denied

Run the following command and log out to fix the above error.

sudo usermod -a -G docker ${USER}

References

https://cloud.google.com/container-registry/#install_docker

How can I disable IntelliJ popup documentations?

26 Nov 2014 - intellij

By default, when you hover the mouse over a variable, IntelliJ shows a popup documentation view, which often hides the popup that shows the value of the variable in debug mode.

To disable the documentation popup, locate the option “Show quick doc on mouse move” in Settings and disable it.

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/20613988

How can I debug a test run by Maven in IntelliJ IDEA?

24 Nov 2014 - intellij

Open the Maven Projects view, and then open the Lifecycle tree item. Next, right-click on the test goal to creat a configuration. Add the command-line option -DforkMode=never or -DforkCount=0 to the configuration. Finally, run the configuration in debug mode.

References

http://stackoverflow.com/q/3784781

How can I import Scala code to Eclipse?

22 Nov 2014 - eclipse, scala

Add sbteclipse to your plugin definition file. For sbt version 0.13 and up, add the following to ~/.sbt/0.13/plugins/plugins.sbt.

addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.sbteclipse" % "sbteclipse-plugin" % "2.5.0")

References

https://github.com/typesafehub/sbteclipse

How can I codesign gdb in OS X?

21 Nov 2014 - osx

Use the Keychain Access application to create a certificate with the following properties: self signed root, code signing, system, and always trust.
Run the command codesign -f -s "gdb-cert" $(which gdb).

References

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gnat_ugn/Codesigning-the-Debugger.html

How can I use vi key mappings in bash?

18 Nov 2014 - linux

Include following in ~/.bashrc:

set -o vi

References

http://apple.stackexchange.com/a/88528

How can I install gdb on OS X?

18 Nov 2014 - osx

brew install homebrew/dupes/gdb

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/19757933/130224

How can I run Eclipse on OS X?

15 Nov 2014 - osx, eclipse

Run /usr/libexec/java_home -V to find the location of an installed JDK.
To launch Eclipse from Finder, follow the instructions at http://stackoverflow.com/a/25486012/130224 to set the -vm flag of Eclipse.app/Contents/Info.plist.
To run Eclipse from the command line, run Eclipse.app/Contents/MacOS/eclipse.

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/25486012/130224

How can I install third party brew formula?

14 Nov 2014 - osx

Run brew install URL. For instance, run the following command to install jad:

brew install https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/homebrew-binary/master/jad.rb

References

https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-binary

How can I install the Opera browser on Ubuntu?

05 May 2014 - linux

sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/opera.list'
sudo apt-get install debian-archive-keyring
wget -O - http://deb.opera.com/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install opera

References

How can I install a recent version of gcc?

04 May 2014 - linux

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50

Similar instructions work for installing other versions of gcc and g++.

References

http://askubuntu.com/a/271561

How can I install Ubuntu from USB?

03 May 2014 - ubuntu

Use usb-creator-gtk to write an ISO file onto a USB stick.

References

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick

How can I import a Mercurial repository to GitHub?

21 Apr 2014 - mercurial, git

Run the following commands to install git remote hg.

wget https://raw.github.com/felipec/git/fc/master/git-remote-hg.py -O ~/apps/git-remote-hg
chmod +x ~/apps/git-remote-hg
export PATH=$PATH:~/apps

Clone the mercurial repository as a bare git repository.

git clone --bare "hg::https://code.google.com/p/jsr308-langtools/" bare-jsr308-langtools

Create an empty GitHub repository

git push --mirror https://github.com/reprogrammer/jsr308-langtools.git

Mirror the bare git repository on github.

cd bare-jsr308-langtools
git push --mirror https://github.com/reprogrammer/jsr308-langtools.git

References

How can I replace a page of a PDF?

23 Mar 2014 - linux

pdftk A=f1.pdf B=f2.pdf cat A1-14 B A16-21 output f3.pdf

References

http://www.pdflabs.com/docs/pdftk-man-page/

How can I resize and convert an image?

22 Mar 2014 - linux

convert -resize 50% image.jpg image.pdf

References

http://www.imagemagick.org/script/convert.php

How can I install the missing dependency of Acrobat Reader?

28 Feb 2014 - linux

Install Adobe Reader 9 using its .deb file.

If you run Adobe Reader, you may get the following error message:

/opt/Adobe/Reader9/Reader/intellinux/bin/acroread: error while loading shared
libraries: libxml2.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or
directory

If you get the above error message, run the following command:

sudo apt-get install libxml2:i386 libstdc++6:i386

References

http://askubuntu.com/a/410648

How can I insert LaTeX formula in inkscape?

09 Feb 2014 - tex

Install ps2edit.

Relaunch inkscape and go to “Extensions > Render > LaTeX formula…”

References

http://www.johndcook.com/blog/2009/12/22/including-latex-in-inkscape/

How can I view Subversion diffs in colors?

07 Feb 2014 - subversion

svn diff | view -

svn diff <file> | vim -R -

References

http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/2420/colored-svn-diff

How can I install an R package?

02 Jan 2014 - R

install.packages("package-name")

References

http://www.r-bloggers.com/installing-r-packages/

How can I install R?

01 Jan 2014 - R, linux

sudo apt-get install r-base

References

http://cran.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu/README

How can I trace bitmap images to vector ones?

21 Dec 2013 - linux

Use xsane to scan your document as a PNM image.
Use potrace to covert your image to a vector image, e.g., PDF or EPS.

References

How can I rename Git branches?

13 Dec 2013 - git

The following command renames a local branch from b1 to b2.

git branch -m b1 b2

The following command removes the remote branch b1.

git push origin --delete :b1

Before running the above command, make sure that b1 is not the default branch of your repository; otherwise, git will give you an error like the following.

remote: error: refusing to delete the current branch: refs/heads/b1
To https://github.com/user/repo.git
 ! [remote rejected] b1 (deletion of the current branch prohibited)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'

The following command gives b2 the new remote.

git push -u origin b2

References

How can I diff two revisions in Mercurial?

05 Dec 2013 - mercurial

hg diff -r <rev1> -r <rev2>

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/2895094

How can I install Ruby in Linux?

27 Nov 2013 - linux

Run the following command to install RVM.

\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby

The above command should report a message of the form below at the end:

To start using RVM you need to run source $HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.

References

https://rvm.io/

How can I find the Git commit corresponding to a Subversion revision?

26 Nov 2013 - git, subversion

Let S be the URL of a Subversion repository that has been migrated to a Git repository at URL G using git-svn. Given the revision number R of a revision of S, the problem is to find a commit C in G that corresponds to R.

For example, let S = http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/1309183/tomcat/trunk/, G = https://github.com/apache/tomcat.git, and R = 1309183.

The first step is find the largest revision number R2 such that R2 <= R and S is affected by R2. The following command will return R2.

svn list --verbose S@R | grep "\./" | awk '{split($0,a," "); print a[1]}'

In this case, the above command would look as follows.

svn list --verbose http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomcat/trunk/@1309183 | grep "\./" | awk '{split($0,a," "); print a[1]}'

Next, use a command of the form below to find C.

git log | grep "@R2" -C 10

In this case, the above command should be instantiated as follows.

git log | grep "@1307597" -C 10

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/1633683

How can I commit a subset of the modified files of a Mercurial repository?

19 Oct 2013 - mercurial

Run the following command to commit only file1 and file2.

hg commit file1 file2

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/5476841

How can I create a patch from uncommitted changes to a Git repository?

07 Oct 2013 - git

git diff --cached > patch.diff

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/15438863

How can I apply a patch to a Git repository?

06 Oct 2013 - git

git apply patch.diff

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/15438863

How can I set my username for all Mercurial projects?

05 Oct 2013 - mercurial

Add the following piece of code to your .hgrc file.

[ui]
username = FirstName LastName <username@domain.com>

How can I set the editor for all Mercurial projects?

04 Oct 2013 - mercurial

Add the following piece of code to your .hgrc file.

[ui]
editor = vim

How can I get the list of branches?

03 Oct 2013 - mercurial

hg branches

How can I create a new branch?

02 Oct 2013 - mercurial

hg branch <branch-name>

References

https://confluence.atlassian.com/display/BITBUCKET/Branching+a+Repository

How can I update to the tip revision?

01 Oct 2013 - mercurial

hg update

How can I switch to an existing branch?

30 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg update <branch-name>

How can I update to a specific revision?

29 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg update REV

References

http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/hg.1.html#update

How can I update to the latest revision at a specific date?

28 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg update -d yyyy-mm-dd

References

http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/hg.1.html#update

How can I find the revision of the working folder?

27 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg parent

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/4330657

How can I tell whether a file is ignored or not committed at all?

26 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg status --all

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/3000128

How can I colorize hg?

25 Sep 2013 - mercurial

Add the following piece of code to your .hgrc file.

[extensions]
color =
[color]
mode = auto

References

http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/ColorExtension

How can I push changes to a different remote repository?

24 Sep 2013 - mercurial

First, add the path to the remote repository to .hg/hgrc.

[paths]
remote-name = http://path/to/remote-name

Then, push the changes in your local repository to the remote repository:

hg push remote-name

If your changes belong to new branches, use the following command:

hg push --new-branch remote-name

References

How can I pull changes from a remote repository?

23 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg pull remote-name

If you use the -u option, the pulled changes will be applied on your branch:

hg pull -u remote-name

How can I pull changes from a remote repository?

22 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg addremove

References

How can I browse the history of a Mercurial repository graphically?

21 Sep 2013 - mercurial

Enable the hgk extension by adding the following to your .hgrc file.

[extensions]
hgk =

Then, invoke the following command inside the directory of your mercurial repository:

hg view

References

http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/HgkExtension

How can I discard uncommitted changes?

20 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg up -C

How can I apply a commit to another branch?

19 Sep 2013 - mercurial

Run the following command to apply change set <change-set> to the current branch.

hg graft <changeset>

References

http://stackoverflow.com/q/9598704/130224

How can I discard my last commit?

18 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg rollback

How can I discard a given commit?

17 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg strip <changeset>

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/4520926/130224

How can I set up Mercurial to use meld as its merge tool?

16 Sep 2013 - mercurial

Add the following to ~/.hgrc:

[ui]
merge = meld
 
[merge-tools]
meld.priority = 1
meld.premerge = False
meld.args = $local $other $base
 
[merge-patterns]
** = meld

When meld opens the local (the working copy version), other (the remove version, which is being merged into local), and base (common parent of local and other) versions of the file, edit the middle pane (other), for this is the file in your repository. The other two are kept in /tmp.

References

http://stackoverflow.com/q/10115412/130224

How can I create a patch of my uncommitted changes?

15 Sep 2013 - mercurial

hg diff -g > uncommited.patch

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/8503189/130224

How can I set my username and email address in my Git client?

14 Sep 2013 - git

git config --global user.email "username@domain.com"
git config --global user.name "First Last"

References

How can I change the text editor used by Git?

13 Sep 2013 - git

git config --global core.editor "vim"

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/2596835

How can I check out a remote branch?

12 Sep 2013 - git

git checkout -b branch-name origin/branch-name

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/1783426/130224

How can I check out a specific commit of a repository?

11 Sep 2013 - git

git checkout -b new-branch SHA1

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/1655666

How can I check out a specific tag of a repository?

10 Sep 2013 - git

git checkout -b new-branch tags/<tag-name>

How can I retrieve the state of a repository before a specific date?

09 Sep 2013 - git

git checkout `git rev-list -n 1 --before="2009-07-27 13:37" master`

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/6990682

How can I track all remote Git branches?

08 Sep 2013 - git

First, get a list of all remote branches:

git branch -r

Then, check out each of remote branch:

git checkout -t origin/branch1

References

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/67699/how-do-i-clone-all-remote-branches-with-git

How can I push a local branch to a remote Git repository?

07 Sep 2013 - git

git push <remote_repository> <local_branch_name>

How can I push a local Git branch and automatically track it?

06 Sep 2013 - git

git push -u origin <name_of_branch>

Git will by default push all branches that have the same name on the remote. To limit this behavior to just the current branch, set this configuration option:

git config --global push.default tracking

References

http://mislav.uniqpath.com/2010/07/git-tips/

How can I unstage something from the Git staging area?

05 Sep 2013 - git

git reset <file_name>

How can I merge Git branches?

04 Sep 2013 - git

git merge <branch_1> <branch_2>

The order which you specify the branch has some consequence on how it is done internally. Graphically it will try to merge <branch_1> first and then <branch_2> even if <branch_2> is earlier time-wise. So, if you want to have a nice ordering, try to specify the earlier branch as an earlier argument.

How can I tell if a Git branch has not been merged into the master branch?

03 Sep 2013 - git

git cherry -v master branch-name

References

http://gitready.com/intermediate/2009/04/16/find-unmerged-commits.html

How can I destroy my last Git commit but keep its changes?

02 Sep 2013 - git

git reset --soft HEAD^

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/927386

How can I destroy my last Git commit and its changes?

01 Sep 2013 - git

git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD

Basically, ORIG_HEAD is short for the commit before your last commit. It’s automatically set by pull and merge (but not necessarily other git commands). It’s also equivalent to HEAD@{1} meaning the previous commit from head.

References

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/964876

How can I do a pull while my Git repository has outstanding changes?

31 Aug 2013 - git

git stash
git pull
git stash pop

How can I edit my last Git commit message?

30 Aug 2013 - git

git commit --amend

How can I squash two local Git commits into one?

29 Aug 2013 - git

Use the following commit to start rebase in the interactive mode. You should use a <SHA> that is a ascendant of the commits you want to manipulate.

git rebase -i <SHA>

The interactive rebase lets you perform a command on each commit that it lists. If you want to squash commit 2 into commit 1, you should make sure that the rebase editor shows you only the two commits, then you have to use the pick command on commit 1 and the squash command on the line of commit 2.

If for any reason, you have to quit the rebase, close the editor and execute the following command.

git rebase --abort

How can I apply a commit from one Git branch to another?

28 Aug 2013 - git

Let s be the SHA of the commit you’d like to apply to branch b. Execute the following commands to add commit s to branch b.

git checkout b
git cherry-pick s

How can I view a particular revision of a file in my Git repository without checking it out?

27 Aug 2013 - git

The following command shows the contents of /path/to/file.txt from 4 revisions ago.

git show HEAD~4:/path/to/file.txt

References

http://www.gitready.com/intermediate/2009/02/27/get-a-file-from-a-specific-revision.html

How can I get the list of tags in a Git repository?

26 Aug 2013 - git

git tag -l

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/792027

How can I tag a Git commit?

25 Aug 2013 - git

git tag <tag-name> <commit-sha>
git push --tags

How can I remove a remote Git tag?

24 Aug 2013 - git

git tag -d <tag-name>
git push origin :refs/tags/<tag-name>

References

http://nathanhoad.net/how-to-delete-a-remote-git-tag

How can I delete a remote Git branch?

23 Aug 2013 - git

git push origin :<branch-name-to-delete>

How can I archive a Git branch?

22 Aug 2013 - git

Instead of just deleting a branch, it might be a good idea to keep a tag to the old branch.

# Get remote branches verbosely (with SHA and some description)
git branch -a -v
# Pick the old branch that you want to archive and note its SHA
git tag archive/<old-branch-name> <old-branch-SHA>
# Delete the local branch
git branch -d <old-branch-name>
# Push the tag to remote repository
git push --tags
# Delete the remote branch
git push origin :<old-branch-name>
# (Optional for other people monitoring the remote repository)
# This removes outdated branches from their local repository
git remote prune origin

References

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1307114

How can I delete a remote Git commit?

21 Aug 2013 - git

If you push a commit to the remote repository. You can remove it from the remote repository using the following command.

git push -f origin HEAD^:master

I’ve tried this command on github and made sure that it works. As a result of this command, your commit on the remote repository doesn’t get actually deleted. Rather, it becomes dangling. And, it seems that Github garbage collects dangling commits every so often.

References

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/448919

How can I include or exclude certain files from Git?

20 Aug 2013 - git

Sometimes, you want to exclude all the (for instance) .class or .jar files from git. In that case, you would create a .gitignore folder at the top of your repository with contains like this:

*.class
*.jar

On the other hand, sometimes you also want to include certain .class or .jar files in only several directories. In that case, you would create a .gitignore in those particular directories like this:

!*.class
!*.jar

The key symbol here is the ! symbol.

Git operates by reading the repository-level .gitignore but will override any settings upon reading a directory-level .gitignore.

How can I more easily view diffs from Git?

19 Aug 2013 - git

Say that you want to see what has changed between two different commits. You can do

git diff sha1..sha2

The above command will give you all the differences between sha1 (exclusive) to sha2 (inclusive). However, textual diffs can be hard to understand sometimes, so how would you specify a visual diff tool? The easiest way would be to specify the name of the visual diff tool directly to git difftool i.e.

git difftool -t path_to_tool sha1..sha2

If you find yourself using a particular visual diff tool pretty often, then you should add it to your global git config file, shown with a hypothetical tool called awesometool:

git config --global diff.tool awesometool
git config --global difftool.awesometool.cmd "path/to/awesometool \$LOCAL \$REMOTE"
# The following gets rid of having to hit enter when you run git difftool
git config --global difftool.prompt false

which will create the following entries in your global .gitconfig

[diff]
  tool = awesometool
[difftool "awesometool"]
  cmd = path/to/awesometool \"$LOCAL\" \"$REMOTE\"
[difftool]
  prompt = false

Popular visual diff tools are vimdiff, kdiff3, meld, etc. You can specify several programs (not just a single one) that you use frequently through the global git config.

git difftool sha1..sha2

Once you add your visual diff tool to git configurations, you can simply invoke git difftool as follows.

References

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/255202

How can I resolve Git merge conflicts visually?

18 Aug 2013 - git

You can use a visual merge tool like diffmerge. You would use the same command to git visual diff except that you use git mergetool instead of git difftool.

git config --global merge.tool awesometool
git config --global mergetool.awesometool.cmd "path/to/awesometool --merge --result=\"$MERGED\" \"$LOCAL\" \"$BASE\" \"$REMOTE\""
git config --global mergetool.awesometool.trustExitCode true

References

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/585844

How can I colorize Git output?

17 Aug 2013 - git

git config --global color.ui true

The above command adds the following item to your git configuration files.

[color]
  ui = true

How can I restore a particular version of a file from a Git repository?

16 Aug 2013 - git

The following command will replace the current version with the older version. If you just want to see the older version of the file, use git show.

git checkout SHA1 path/to/file

References

http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html#checkout-of-path

How can I create shorthands for Git commands?

15 Aug 2013 - git

Set up aliases in your global ~/.gitconfig. Here’s a set of useful examples that you can add to your ~/.gitconfig file:

[alias]
  st = status
  ci = commit
  br = branch
  co = checkout
  df = diff
  lg = log -p

Now, you can use git st instead of git status.

References

http://www.gitready.com/intermediate/2009/02/06/helpful-command-aliases.html

How can I create a patch for my last Git stash?

14 Aug 2013 - git

git stash show -p

References

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2160638

How can I find the common ancestor of two Git branches?

13 Aug 2013 - git

There isn’t a command to find the common ancestor per-se, but there is a plumbing command, git-merge-base in Git for finding the best ancestor for use in a three-way merge. Given a series of branches, git-merge-base attempts to find the best ancestor to merge. When you provide it with two branches as arguments, git-merge-base will naturally locate their common ancestor, if one exists. This can be useful sometimes when you are trying to trace the common ancestor between branches.

git-merge-base branchA branchB

How can I delete all Git branches that have been merged?

12 Aug 2013 - git

git branch -r --merged | \ 
grep origin | \
grep -v '>' | \
grep -v master | \
xargs -L1 | \
awk '{split($0,a,"/"); print a[2]}' | \
xargs git push origin --delete

References

https://gist.github.com/942899

How can I add a submodule to a Git repository?

11 Aug 2013 - git

The following commands checkouts the git repository at subproject-url into the subproject-path and updates the .gitmodules file.

git submodule add subproject-url subproject-path

How can I remove a submodule from a Git repository?

10 Aug 2013 - git

Delete the relevant section from the .gitmodules file.
Delete the relevant section from .git/config.
Run git rm --cached subproject-path (no trailing slash).
Commit and delete the now untracked submodule files.

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/1260982

How can I check out a Git repository with submodules?

09 Aug 2013 - git

# to add the subproject to .git/config.
git submodule init
# to pull down the latest changes to the submodule.
git submodule update

References

How can I pull changes to submodules?

08 Aug 2013 - git

You have to go to the submodule and switch to a specific branch to be able to pull changes.

cd subproject-path
git checkout branch-name
git pull

References

http://chrisjean.com/2009/04/20/git-submodules-adding-using-removing-and-updating/

How can I commit changes to submodules?

07 Aug 2013 - git

If you make changes to the submodule, you have to fist commit and push them. Then, you have to commit and push the changes to the superproject.

How can I specify the folder containing the generated Jekyll site?

17 Jul 2013 - linux

New command:

jekyll serve -d _new_site

Deprecated command:

jekyll _new_site --server

References

http://jekyllrb.com/docs/configuration/

How can I tell if a JVM is 32 or 64 bits?

16 May 2013 - linux

If the running JVM is not 64 bits, the following command will report an error message:

java -d64 -version

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/2062263

How can I tell if a binary is 32 or 64 bits?

15 May 2013 - linux

file /path/to/binary

References

http://stackoverflow.com/a/5103511

How can I install Orcale JDK 7?

06 May 2013 - linux

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
sudo update-java-alternatives

References

http://www.webupd8.org/2012/01/install-oracle-java-jdk-7-in-ubuntu-via.html

How can I set the editor that Subversion opens to compose commit messages?

30 Apr 2013 - subversion

Open ~/.subversion/config.
Uncomment the line containing the phrase editor-cmd.
Set editor-cmd = vim.

How can I make a user a sudoer?

26 Apr 2013 - linux

sudo usermod -a -G sudo username

References

http://askubuntu.com/a/168289

How can I extract a page from a PDF?

21 Apr 2013 - linux

pdftk A=in.pdf cat A1 output out.pdf

References

http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/tech-tip-extract-pages-pdf

How can I install Citrix?

03 Apr 2013 - linux

Install OpenMotif.
Install Citrix.
- Download linuxx86-11.100.158406.
- Extract the downloaded archive.
- Run sudo ./setupwfc.
Run Citrix.
- /usr/lib/ICAClient/wfcmgr

References

How can I find the distribution of the running Linux?

21 Mar 2013 - linux

cat /etc/*-release

How can I install ant without GCJ?

20 Mar 2013 - linux

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ant

When trying to use ant to build the X10 compiler, ant complained about a missing JAR. It looked like the build.xml file used javah targets. So, I installed ant-optional using the following command.

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ant-optional

How can I revert the display settings?

19 Mar 2013 - linux

While tweaking the display resolution, it got messed up. So, I went and reverted /etc/X11/xorg.conf to a previous version. There was a command mentioned in this config file on how to force X11 update itself according to the new configurations.

How can I redirect stderr and stdout to a file?

18 Mar 2013 - linux

process >file 2>&1

How can I follow what gets appended to a file online?

17 Mar 2013 - linux

tail -f file

How can I install an SSH server?

16 Mar 2013 - linux

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

When an old client tries to connect to the server, it complains that the server has changed its identity. Remove the ~/.ssh/known_hosts to have the client receive the new identity of the server.

References

https://help.ubuntu.com/6.06/ubuntu/serverguide/C/openssh-server.html

How can I configure my SSH client to connect to a server?

15 Mar 2013 - linux

ssh-keygen -C "key-identifier" (without quotes)  
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub server.example.org
cat ~/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Create or open the file at ~/.ssh/config Add the following lines:

Host server.example.org
User git
Hostname server.example.org
PreferredAuthentications publickey
IdentityFile [local path to private key half of the public key you provided]

The main ssh config file is at /etc/ssh/ssh_config.

How can I copy the SSH public key to a remote host?

14 Mar 2013 - linux

ssh-copy-id remote-host

How can I scroll in the screen program?

13 Mar 2013 - linux

Press C-a [ to enter the copy mode. Then, press ESC to exit the copy mode.

How can I rename a screen window?

12 Mar 2013 - linux

Press CTRL-a A in each active window to get prompted for entering a new name.

References

http://nathan.chantrell.net/old-stuff/linux/an-introduction-to-screen/

How can I reorder screen windows?

11 Mar 2013 - linux

Switch to the window you’d like to move and press CTRL-a followed by :number x, where x is the new location of the window.

References

http://www.snowfrog.net/2007/11/07/howto-move-windows-in-gnu-screen/

How can I recover Grub after installing Windows?

10 Mar 2013 - linux

grub

sudo grub

Tell Grub which partition to tell the MBR your Grub is on by entering:

root (hd0,3)

If Ubuntu was installed on the second partition of the first hard-drive. Tell GRUB which drive’s MBR to fix:

setup (hd0)
quit

grub2

References

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Grub2#Recover%20Grub%202%20via%20LiveCD

How can I set environment variables during startup?

09 Mar 2013 - linux

If you want to make an environment variable visible system-wide, you should set it in /etc/environment. To set environment variables per user, you have to modify ~/.pam_environment.

The following is a sample ~/.pam_environment file contents.

JAVA_HOME  OVERRIDE=/path/to/java/home
PATH       OVERRIDE=${PATH}:${JAVA_HOME}/bin

I’ve always had problems with ~/.pam_environment for it duplicates my entries in PATH. So, I use the system-wide configuration file, i.e., /etc/environment.

References

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables
man pam_env
/etc/security/pam_env.conf

How can I install Dropbox?

08 Mar 2013 - linux

First, run the following command to add the Dropbox repository.

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main"

Next, run the command sudo apt-get update. You should get an error message similar to the following:

W: GPG error: http://linux.dropbox.com precise Release: The following signatures couldn’t be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY FC918B335044912E

Follow the instructions at http://reprogrammer.github.io/faq/2013/02/24/how-can-i-install-ubuntu-repository-public-keys/ to add the necessary keys. While following the instruction, note that the Dropbox’s key server is pgp.mit.edu.

Finally, run the following commands to install Dropbox.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dropbox python-gpgme

The command sudo apt-get update reports the following problem:

W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/linux.dropbox.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-amd64_Packages) W: Duplicate sources.list entry http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu/ precise/main i386 Packages (/var/lib/apt/lists/linux.dropbox.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-i386_Packages) W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems

I need to figure out how to resolve the duplicate entry problem.

References

http://askubuntu.com/a/127187

How can I install Alpine?

07 Mar 2013 - linux

sudo apt-get install alpine

Alpine stores its mails in $HOME/mail.

How can I install and uninstall TeXLive in Ubuntu?

06 Mar 2013 - linux, tex

Installation

sudo apt-get install perl-tk
wget http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet/install-tl-unx.tar.gz
tar xvfz install-tl-unx.tar.gz
sudo ./install-tl<tab>/install-tl -gui

Select the following two options:

Use the letter size instead of the default A4 size.
Create symlinks in system directories.

The installer asks about the following directories. Leave the default settings.

TEXDIR=/usr/local/texlive/<year>
TEXMFLOCAL=/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local
TEXMFSYSVAR=/usr/local/texlive/<year>/texmf-var
TEXMFSYSCONFIG=/usr/local/texlive/<year>/texmf-config
TEXMFHOME=~/texmf

The installer says the following, but the symlinks are enough.

Add /usr/local/texlive/20xy/texmf/doc/man to MANPATH.

Add /usr/local/texlive/20xy/texmf/doc/info to INFOPATH.

Most importantly, add /usr/local/texlive/20xy/bin/x86_64-linux.

Uninstallation

sudo tlmgr uninstall
rm -rf /usr/local/texlive

References

How can I update my TeXLive installation?

05 Mar 2013 - linux, tex

Updating the updater itself

sudo tlmgr update --self

Updating the updater itself and all the packages

sudo tlmgr update --self --all

Updating the TeXLive distribution

sudo tlmgr -gui

You can check if a package is installed by using the locate command. Sometimes, a package is installed but the symlink to it in system directories is missing. You can update the symlinks through the tlmgr program.

How can I install vanilla TeXLive to satisfy APT dependencies?

04 Mar 2013 - linux, tex

I used texlive.ctl to create a vanilla TexLive package. I removed tex-common from texlive.ctl because the original texlive.ctl file didn’t have it and I had to remove it to install hevea. The hevea package is not included in TeXLive. And, I had to install tex-common in order to install hevea. Also, to let my own installation of TeXLive locate the style files of the hevea package installed through Ubuntu, I had to set the following environment variable.

export TEXMFHOME=/usr/share/texmf/

I used the following command to set the “Standards-Version” field in texlive.ctl.

apt-cache show debian-policy | grep Version

Then, I executed the following commands to create and install my vanilla package.

equivs-build texlive.ctl sudo dpkg -i texlive-vanilla_2010-1~1_all.deb

Finally, I used the following command to install kile.

sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install kile

See http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/maverick/man5/deb-control.5.html to learn more about the format of Ubuntu package control files. Specifically, the “Provides” section lists virtual packages that could be provided by the normal package.

References

How can I install hevea on top of vanilla TeXLive?

03 Mar 2013 - linux, tex

I installed texlive-vanilla (2010-1~1). And, tried to install hevea with the following command.

sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install hevea

But, I got the following message.

The following NEW packages will be installed:

  hevea ocaml-base-nox tex-common

So, I checked the dependencies of the hevea in Ubuntu. The hevea package requires “tex-common (>=2.00)”. The “provides” section of the control file of vanilla-texlive doesn’t specify the versions of the virtual packages. So, I thought all of the virtual packages get the version number 2010-1~1 automatically. Then, I used the following command to verify that “2010-1~1” is indeed greater than “2.00” according to Ubuntu package formate rules.

dpkg --compare-versions 2010-1~1 gt 2.00 ; echo $?

And, I got the value “0” on the console, which confirms that 2010-1~1 is greater than 2.00. At this point, I concluded that the version number of the virtual packages is unspecified. So, I decided to create my own version of tex-common. I created a control file for my tex-common package called tex-common.ctl and executed the following commands.

equivs-build tex-common.ctl sudo dpkg -i tex-common_2010-1~1_all.deb

Having installed my own tex-common package, I was able to successfully install hevea using the following command.

sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install hevea

How can I set the number of floating point digits in bc?

02 Mar 2013 - linux

The following command sets the precision of floating point operations to 2 digits.

scale = 2

How can I type right to left?

01 Mar 2013 - linux

To write right-to-left in Linux, press Right-ALT+] and end by ALT+P.

To write left-to-right in Linux, press Right-ALT+[.

Use RLE and PDF to begin and end a right-to-left embedding. The unicode for LRE is U+202A, the unicode for RLE is U+202B and the unicode for PDF is U+202C. In Ubuntu, hold CTRL-SHIFT to type a unicode character. For example, to type an RLE, press the following keys: CTRL SHIFT U + 2 0 2 B.

Hold the left ALT and the right SHIFT keys to switch the Ubuntu keyboard layout.

References

http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/

How can I recover deleted files?

28 Feb 2013 - linux

The best tool that I found for recovering files was Photorec.

References

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DataRecovery#Photorec

How can I generate a LaTeX diff of two LaTeX files?

27 Feb 2013 - linux, tex

Make sure old.tex and new.tex have a place to insert the preamble.

latexdiff --type=UNDERLINE --subtype=SAFE --floattype=FLOATSAFE old.tex new.tex > difference.tex

How can I pass the results of a command to another?

26 Feb 2013 - linux

The xargs program passes the outputs of one command as arguments to another one.

The following is an example of processing the results of find using xargs:

find . -name <pattern> -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} <command with {} as an argument>

find -print0 and xargs -0 make find and xargs handle files with unusual characters in their names properly.

References

How can I install the latest stable release of Git?

25 Feb 2013 - linux, git

The following commands install the latest stable release of git.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude upgrade

References

How can I install Ubuntu repository public keys?

24 Feb 2013 - linux

If you get an error like the following from apt:

W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net lucid Release: The following signatures couldn’t be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY A6DCF7707EBC211F

Take the last 8 characters of the string in the error message and use it in the following two commands:

gpg --keyserver keyserver --recv 7EBC211F

The keyserver in the above commands may be a server like keyserver.ubuntu.com or pgp.mit.edu.

The above command will generate an output similar to the following:

gpg: requesting key 7EBC211F from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com gpg: key 7EBC211F: public key “Launchpad PPA for Ubuntu Mozilla Security Team” imported gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)

Next, run the following command:

gpg --export --armor 7EBC211F | sudo apt-key add -

The above command should generate the following output:

OK

Note the post at http://askubuntu.com/a/127187 suggest that the above two steps can be performed in a single steps. I need to try out this command.

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver --recv-keys 7EBC211F

References

http://www.univet.hu/users/jkis/Education/Linux/Linux_repositories.txt

How can I open a terminal from within nautilus?

23 Feb 2013 - linux

To open a terminal from within nautilus, install the nautilus-open-terminal package using the following command:

sudo aptitude install nautilus-open-terminal

References

http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2007/05/13/nautilus-open-terminal-terminal-quick-launch/

How can I update the database used by the locate command?

22 Feb 2013 - linux

sudo updatedb

How can I fix the background color of Eclipse tooltips?

21 Feb 2013 - linux, eclipse

Open the file at /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/gtk-2.0/gtkrc. Locate tooltip_fg_color and tooltip_bg_color in the file and change their values as follows:

tooltip_fg_color:#000000
tooltip_bg_color:#f5f5c5

References

How can I clear the bash history?

20 Feb 2013 - linux

history -c && rm -f ~/.bash_history

References

http://www.infohit.net/blog/post/clear-bash-history.html

How can I get the specifications of the installed RAM?

19 Feb 2013 - linux

dmidecode --type memory

References

http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-check-ram-memory-speed-specification-within-linux-machine/

How can I monitor the health of a hard disk?

18 Feb 2013 - linux

Use S.M.A.R.T.

References

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Smartmontools

How can I install the latest release of Mercurial?

17 Feb 2013 - linux, mercurial

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 323293EE
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mercurial-ppa/releases
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

References

https://launchpad.net/~mercurial-ppa/+archive/releases

How can I open a shell within Vim?

16 Feb 2013 - linux

Get the latest tar.gz of conque from http://code.google.com/p/conque/downloads/list.

Extract the tar.gz file to get the directory conque_x.y. Execute the command cp -r conque_x.y/* ~/.vim/ to install Conque on your vim.

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